Sahasrāra – The Crown Chakra

With the syllable Om as their sole support, the wise person attains that which is peaceful, un-ageing, deathless, fearless, The Supreme.

Atharva Veda, Prasna Upanishad 5.7  

The Metaphysics of Sahasrāra

Sahasrāra is located on the crown of the head, for this reason it is called the Crown chakra. It is also known as the Thousand-Petalled Lotus as well as Brahmrandhra, which means door to Brahman. Brahman denotes the highest Universal Principle, the Ultimate Reality, and thus transcends duality. In relation to all lower levels of reality, the Divine Masculine and the Divine Feminine are Principles, but in relation to the Universal Principle, they are particulars. As personifications of Divine Will, Shiva and Shakti are simply expressions of the Universal Principle by which we as human beings, as manifestations of their cosmic polarity, relate back to the unitary God-Principle. Brahman is the material, efficient, formal, and final cause of all that exists. It is the pervasive, infinite, non-abiding eternal truth and bliss which does not change, yet is the cause of all changes. Brahman as a metaphysical concept refers to the single binding unity behind the diversity in all that exists in the universe. Sahasrāra is thus the door to the Divine Presence itself that is mentioned in various spiritual-religious traditions, the entry point of the Kingdom of God that Jesus ع had taught. When agna is awakened, the light that emanates from beyond this door can be seen, which is why agna and sahasrāra are closely related in terms of qualities and practice.

Sahasrāra is also known as the Source of Light because when it flowers within one’s awareness one sees the Light of consciousness, the Buddha-Nature. This is the beginning experience of Enlightenment. This Light appears to be shining from above like the radiant sun, which constitutes one spiritual station or level of awareness. But as one enters it more deeply by surrendering to it, by realizing that it is one’s own true nature, accepting it while simultaneously letting go of attachment and identification to physicality, to self, to the very ground of Being, one’s awareness radically changes. The Light now is seen as emanating from within, becoming a halo-like disc that appears like a newborn sun around one’s head. This constitutes a higher spiritual station and level of consciousness. And as one surrenders to the ecstasy of Divine Love, the bliss of this bhakti (भक्ति), the Light becomes like a flaming lamp that overtakes and engulfs you completely. This reference to a flaming lamp is said to represent the light of Ātman (आत्मन्), the True Self, and the experience of absorption represents its ascent through realization into Paramatman (परमात्मन्), which is “The Absolute Self” or “The Self Beyond”. This transformative ascent into yet a higher spiritual station represents the process of Realization. The process of realization is the path of Enlightenment. The beginning of the path is true yearning for the Beloved, and the ending of the path is union with the Beloved; as the Islamic sages have said, “the ending is the same as the beginning.”

It is from this level of experience that we come to realize the Divine Presence as within us, and not just within but as the essence of our existence. As this realization occurs, thus transforming the very nature of experienced reality, then the journey through the void of separation is traversed eventuating in liberation through unity with God, what is called Moksha (मोक्ष). In all religious-spiritual traditions, the very notion of certain knowledge comes from this, and in terms of pictorial depictions of the Prabhāmaṇḍalas (प्रभामण्डल), the halos of light we find across cultures, it is from this very experience.

He then also sees the light, which is in the form of a flaming lamp. It is seen to be shining like a newborn sun, the brightness of this flame encompasses oneself like the brightness of the newborn sun covers the space between the sky and the earth. This space is the very embodiment of Divinity in its full glory. This state is unchanging, all witnessing, and is like a circle of the sun, moon, and fire.

Shat Chakra Nirupanam – Schlokas 36  

References to Light and to the flaming lamp is of the utmost importance in all spiritual traditions. Regardless of the paths and the techniques, the methods and the philosophies, they all lead to this central experiential reality of Oneness, the all encompassing Light that nurtures us existentially. The symbolism of Light is central to the discussion of the significance of the Lamp. While The Light represents Brahman, the Lamp represents Ātman.

In Islam for instance, when the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ spoke about his Enlightenment journey to Allāh, he said “I saw the Light”. The Divine is not only known by the name of Allāh, which denotes the highest Universal Principle as with the word Brahman, but also by ninety-nine known Attributes mentioned in the Qur’an. These Divine Attributes are called the Beautiful Names (asmā’ al-husnā), which express the multiplicity of expressions of the Divine Masculine and the Divine Feminine Principles, which like Shiva and Shakti, emerge from and express the unitary Principle of Allāh. One of the Beautiful Names or Attributes used to denote the Divine is The Light or al-Nūr. The Verse of Light expresses this, and the key importance of the Lamp as a symbol of that Light:

God is the Light of the Heavens and the Earth. The symbol of His Light is as a niche wherein is a Lamp (the Lamp is in a glass, and this glass is as it were a radiant star), kindled from a blessed Olive Tree, neither of the east nor of the west, whose oil would all be glow though fire touch it not; Light upon light. God guideth to His Light whom He will and God citeth symbols for men, and God is the Knower of all things.

Qur’an 24:35

According to Al-Ghazālī: Allāh alone is the Real, the True Light, and beside Him there is no light at all.” Similarly Titus Burckhardt writes “There is no more perfect symbol of the Divine Unity than light.” Guénon also held this view: “Light is the traditional symbol of the very nature of the Spirit.” Frithjof Schuon discusses the metaphysical or esoteric symbolism of veiling and unveiling: “Esoterism or gnosis, being the science of Light, is thereby the science of veilings and unveilings, and necessarily so since on the one hand discursive thought and the language that expresses it constitute a veil, while on the other hand the purpose of this veil is the Light.”

This esotericism connotes the underlying reality of Light in the Yogic tradition as the beatific abode of true knowledge. In one saying, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ had said that “God has seventy thousand veils of light and darkness; if He were to remove them, the radiant splendors of His Face would burn up whatever was reached by His Gaze.” And yet, it is the lifting of these veils that we actualize through realization of Truth.

Despite the common usage of referring to sahasrāra as a chakra, it is in fact not a chakra. The Yogis explain that it is more an outcome of activating and purifying all of the other chakras whereby our Kundalini reaches this level along the Sushumna nāḍī (नाडी). In Patanjali’s Ashtanga Yoga (Eight Limbs of Yoga), the flowering of sahasrāra is described as happening effortlessly, co-emergently, and naturally, and thus is said to be pathless. It is like a seed that when the conditions are right, when the ground in which it has been planted is fertile and has been watered and nurtured, then it will bloom, and this will either be experienced in this life or after physical death. The practice of Kundalini Yoga represents this entire process of cultivating the human being as if it were a fertile ground that contains a Divine seed.

The union of Shiva and Shakti occurs when the stream of energy in the two main nāḍīs, Idā and Pingalā, unite and rise within the Sushumnā nāḍī in agna. There is, however, one necessary condition for this unification to occur, which is the activation of anahata. This is because the seat of consciousness is in the Heart, which we experience as the golden light of Paramatman (परमात्मन्), and is referenced by the Lamp.

The Yogic texts mention this as Jivan Jyoti, the Living Light, the Divine Spark. As written in the article on the Heart chakra, the seat of consciousness is said to be located on the borders of the world of manifestation (the material world) and the world of the spirit. Anahata is said to be the key by which we may reach the Living Light.

Realization of Ātmān therefore takes place only when a simultaneous awakening of anāhata and sahasrāra occurs. When both gates are open, there is a direct connection from sahasrāra to anāhata through the Brahmā Nādī, or, the God Energy Channel. Only with the complete awakening of the anāhata does the golden flame of Divine Light, also described as the Bana Lingam, rise from the Heart and reach the level of Divine Consciousness through the Door of Brahman. Then, in the ocean of Divine Consciousness, the thousand-petalled Lotus unfolds. If the Heart is blocked then the flow of bhakti (भक्ति), which pertains to the energy of Divine Love, is unable to manifest and flow from the Crown chakra.

Characteristics of Sahasrāra 

Whoever realizes the Supreme Brahman attains to supreme felicity. That Supreme Brahman is Eternal Truth (satyam), Omniscient (jnanam), Infinite (anantam).

Taittiriya Upanishad 2.1.1   

The third day crescent moon is a symbol of Amrita, the Nectar of Immortality that Shiva had drunk after purifying the poison of the great serpent in vishuddhi. This metaphorical story represents the spiritual path as a process of purification, where poison represents impure karma, and impure karma represent the pain of Ignorance (moha: मोहof the reality of God. By purifying the poison of Ignorance one attains experiential knowledge of the unity of God, thus closing the pain of distance and separation. Amrita represents this knowledge in the form of direct experience. When Shiva had drunk Amrita, he entered into a state of absolute ecstasy and bliss, which represents the deathless state, the state of immortality; immortality does not mean that one’s physical body will never decay, rather, it means that one’s awareness transcends the material world and sees only the Light of the Divine. This is shown in the various symbolic depictions of Shiva where he is wearing a crescent moon ornament in his hair, or by his head eclipsing the moon in the backdrop. The moon as Amrita represents the Light of the Divine, and to taste even just one drop of it is to succumb to the ecstasy and bliss of Divine Love. Were you to throw yourself into it fully you would become obliterated. 

Like a bird that has removed the shackles of Maya (माया), jīvātmā (जीवात्मा) dives into the splendor of Paramātman (परमात्मन्); the individual soul dissolves into the Universal Soul, the Supreme Spirit, the Adamic Soul from which all individual souls emerged, ascending into greater realization of true reality. When it unites with the Supreme Self its existence dissolves – just as a river loses its name or identity when it flows into the ocean. Now it is in the sphere of pure consciousness, attaining ever more closely to a state of perfect God Consciousness, which is characterized by eternal Divine bliss – Sat Chit Ānanda Svarupa Ātma. And then, Paramātman (परमात्मन्) becomes one with Parabrahman (परब्रह्मन्), the “Supreme Brahman”. All Divine Attributes fold back into the eternity of the Divine, dissolving into Oneness and Emptiness.

If one is able to activate sahasrāra, even if it is only a drop of Amrita, one will enter into a state of ecstasy and bliss. It is said that a normal person would be unable to function in society as they would be completely intoxicated by Divine Love. The Realized Ones, the Buddhas and the Prophets, the Sages and the Rishis, and the true Saints of all ages, had reached this level of consciousness, but due to their profound discipline through religious instruction and training, submitting the animal spirit to their will, were able to maintain their mental composure and their intellect while abiding in this state. It is within this state that when one speaks, it is not on behalf of or an expression of an individual ego, rather, it is an expression of the Divine.

This experience is at the heart of various spiritual orders, especially the Mawlawiyya, the spiritual order of Rumi. After he had experienced the opening of the Crown chakra and tasted of Enlightenment, he had gone into an ecstatic state. Afterwards, even though it had left him transformed, his experience became the source of his knowledge and inspiration at the heart of his poetry and religious instruction.

Access to sahasrāra, even if it is just on an intuitive level in the form of coherent metaphysical beliefs and yearning, is the basis of emotional wellbeing. When this pathway is open, and not obstructed by the darkness of Ignorance and destructive beliefs, then the Nectar of Immortality will continuously fuel our emotional ecosystem. The characteristic of sahasrāra is therefore wellbeing, abundance, gratitude, bliss, ecstasy, joy, and all various forms and manifestations of Divine Love.

Element of Sahasrāra

The element of the Sahasrāra is Īshvara Tattva (ईश्वरतत्त्व). This Tattva is Ādi Anādi; Ādi means “without beginning”, Anādi means “without end”, and thus together means infinity. Īśhvara Tattva is the fourth of the five successive phases that occur during the unity of Shiva and Shakti (subject and object). Their unity is initiated upon the cosmic process of creation. Īshvara Tattva represents God’s Power of Pure and Infinite Knowledge. At this stage God begins to conceive the Universe to be created.

The concept of Tattva has a complex meaning and usage across the various schools of Hindu spirituality. They fundamentally mean the essence or principle of a thing. The gross elements have their Tattvas, which are depicted in their corresponding symbols or Yantras. With respect to transcendent reality beyond the gross elements, a Tattva pertains to the essence of that particular dimension or level of reality, where that dimension or level of reality pertains to a level of Divine Consciousness as manifestations of Brahman, which together form the basis of our experiences.

“spiritually there are no differences between these five Tattvas, for on the transcendental platform everything is absolute. Yet there are also varieties in the spiritual world, and in order to taste these spiritual varieties one should distinguish between them”.

As soon as this Tattva unites with an attribute (guna) it is bound and therefore limited. Once it is limited, then it represents a category of creation. All of creation is thus an expression of the consciousness of Divine Light through the symphonic interaction of Divine Attributes that manifests in myriad phenomenal forms as experience.

The Color of Sahasrāra

From a color psychology perspective and its correspondence with the metaphysics of the Crown chakra, the color violet corresponds perfectly. It is said to relate to the imagination and spirituality. It stimulates the imagination and inspires high ideals. It is an introspective color, allowing us to get in touch with our deeper thoughts.

The difference between violet and purple is that violet appears in the visible light spectrum, or rainbow, whereas purple is simply a mix of red and blue. Violet has the highest vibration in the visible spectrum.

Violet contains the energy and strength of red with the spirituality and integrity of blue. This is the union of body and soul, the energy of the sun and the energy of the moon, the feminine and the masculine, creating a balance between our physical and our spiritual energies.

It perfectly corresponds with the Crown chakra because it represents non-duality and Oneness.

Activation of Sahasrāra

Although sahasrāra is a pathless path, there is a meditation that is focused on cultivating our ability to enter upon it. 

“That here, the devi (the energy) is situated in the lotus of one thousand petals.”

Lalitha Sahasranamam

The reference to “a thousand” petals is meant to convey infinity, uncountable, that there are too many petals to be counted. On every petal for each chakra there is a letter or sound, a seed syllable for activation called a bīja (बीज). A bīja means seed, and as a Yogic concept, is a metaphor for the origin or cause of things, and is cognate with bindu (बिंदु). The term bīja is used for mystical “seed syllables” contained within mantras. What this means then with respect to the Crown chakra is that every sound, every vibration, every light, emerges from this place and returns to it. Any letter can be meditated on here to activate it.

The physical body is made up of the five gross elements. Each chakra, particularly the primary six, has an element, and each element has a bīja. The physical body is, at bottom, a manifestation of the energy body, and the energy body is a manifestation of the karmic seeds of consciousness. Therefore, the physical body is a manifestation of the karmic seeds of consciousness through the 108 chakras of the gross body. This means that each bīja of each 108 chakras corresponds to and is connected with the karmic seeds of consciousness that underlie our existence. By sounding and meditating upon the seed syllables, we activate the corresponding chakras thereby allowing the nāḍīs of our higher spiritual nature to connect with our mind, emotions and our body. The knowledge, insights, and the release of tension that accompanies this knowledge, describes the process of purification through realization.

Mantras, the Sanskrit syllables inscribed on yantras, are essentially ‘thought forms’ representing divinities or cosmic powers, which exert their influence by means of sound-vibrations.

Yantra: The Tantric Symbol of Cosmic Unity 

When the appropriate seed sound is recited and meditated upon as a mantra it resonates in the chakra thereby purifying it, and by purifying our chakras we purify our karma.

The Crown chakra is beyond all elements and contains all sounds. The mantra “Om” of agna, which is the “cosmic sound” of Pranava, is generally used for sahasrāra as well. This is because as the Unstruck Sound it is the source of all sounds that emanates from the center of anahataUltimately, one must meditate upon each chakra with their appropriate seed syllables, focusing the Mind on their location in the body. As the Mind enters into the deeper energetic states of consciousness and begins to abide within transcendent knowledge, a process of detachment must simultaneously occur. This process brings to the Mind the realization that “I am not the body, nor the mind (the contents of consciousness).”

One of the primary methods of activation or cultivating it is by meditating upon one’s Guru or spiritual teacher smiling. The idea is that the expression of bliss manifests bliss, just like the smile of a baby brings us great joy. And so if we use some manner of technique of connecting with the expression of bliss then we will be manifesting bliss as a subjective experience within us. This is a significant concept with respect to the universality of this chakra in all religious-spiritual system. One’s spiritual master is meant to represent a caring authoritative figure, and that by meditating upon their loving presence, our innate attachment systems become activated. Just like when we were children, we once again experience this sense of being in the presence of a transcendent caregiver, nurturing us with a loving gaze. Traditionally, this was a role fulfilled by the Awakened Ones, which is why impeccable character, perfect compassion and kindness, absolute mercy and selflessness were the primary markers of true knowledge as opposed to charisma and sophistry. However, it must be understood that it is not the spiritual guide per se that one is connecting to, rather, it is the Divine Reality of God that they, like signposts, are merely pointing towards.

By immersing oneself in the meditative bliss of this chakra, by continuous practice of mudras, and by serving the gurus, one starts to have the vision of the everlasting Pranava in the form of embers of a flame created by the blowing of the wind.

Shat Chakra Nirupanam – Shlokas 36  

The focus of the Mind is to be on the crown of the head. If you can feel receptivity in that area just by using the awareness of the Mind, then one’s ability for entry into sahasrāra is greater.

In Jewish mysticism, the Sephirot center known as Kether (crown), is similar to the sahasrāra. Situated at the top of the Tree of Life within the body, it represents pure consciousness beyond attributes, and thus, entry into the Divine Presence. Sufi schools of Islam have a system of subtle centers known as latifas, which are analogous to the chakra system of Yoga. The highest latifa, akfha (the most subtle) is also located at the crown of the head, and is the point of unity where beatific visions of Allāh are directly revealed within one’s awareness. The meditation of God Consciousness is such that our energy becomes focused there, thereby activating this region. As this region is activated more deeply, the blissful sensations will transport you to a different world altogether.

References

[1] Wisdom Library – Jivatma, Jīvātmā: 2 definitions

[2] Sahasrara Chakra – Om Swami

[3] Wisdom Library – Parabrahman, Para-brahman: 6 definitions

[4] Wikipedia – Lalita Sahasranama

[5] Khanna, Madhu (2003). Yantra: The Tantric Symbol of Cosmic Unity. Inner Traditions. ISBN 0-89281-132-3 & ISBN 978-0-89281-132-8. p.21

[6] Wikipedia – Bīja

[7] Sahasrara Chakra – Crown Center

[8] Tantra Kundalini – Sahasrara Chakra

[9] David Frawley – Inner Tantric Yoga: Working with the Universal Shakti – Inner Lotus Press, September 2008

[10] Johari, H. Chakras – Energy Centers of Transformation – Destiny Books, Rochester, NY, 2000. 

[11] Vedanta Spiritual Library

[12] Symbol of Divine Light: The Lamp in Islamic Culture and Other Traditions -Nicholas Stone

[13] Wisdom Library – Prabhamandala, Prabhāmaṇḍala, Prabha-mandala: 5 definitions

[14] All About Ajna Chakra – Third Eye Energy Center – Shat Chakra Nirupanam

[15] Empowered by Color – The Color Purple and Violet

[16] Sivasakti – Yantras

[17] Simon Heather – How to Sound the Bija Mantras for the Chakras

[18] Sahih Muslim – Book of Faith: Chapter 79: Book 1, Number 0343

[19] Sahih Muslim – Book of Faith: Chapter 79: Book 1, Number 0342

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